“Dude! Where the hell have you been?”
Your friend was supposed to come to your party at ten, but he finally shows up at midnight. You're annoyed because you were worried and waiting. You ask him what happened.
Dude! Where the hell have you been?
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(who/what/how/etc.) the hell
"Hell" is a word that you say when you're angry or surprised. There are lots of different uses and expressions for the word, but the expressions "what the hell", "who the hell", "how the hell", and so on are used when you want to ask a question and show that you're angry or annoyed about it.
As an example, imagine that the tire on your car went flat and you have to replace it. You're trying to fix it but it's not working and you're frustrated and annoyed. Your wife tells you that you need to lift the tire up more, but that's not possible. You say:
How the hell am I supposed to do that?
The word "hell" is considered a "curse word", which is a word that children aren't supposed to say and adults aren't supposed to say in really polite situations. Other curse words include "shit", "ass", "fuck", and "damn". However, "hell" is considered to be one of the lightest curse words. Be a little careful not to use it with someone you don't know very well, but don't be afraid to use it from time to time in your conversations.
Dude!
People sometimes call each other "dude" in casual conversation. For example:
A: Dude, we've got to get going. We're going to be late.
B: Dude, chill out.
"Dude" is mostly used between two young or middle-aged men. However, women sometimes use it and people sometimes use it toward women too. Originally, "dude" was associated with surfers. In the past 30 years it has become much more common, but now some younger people choose other words to refer to each other like "bro".
People mostly say "Dude" at the beginning of a sentence. It's possible at the end of a sentence but less common.
Nice shot, dude.
Where have you been?
When someone was supposed to arrive somewhere at a certain time, but they arrive late, you can ask them "Where have you been?"
A: Where have you been?
B: Sorry, I had some car trouble.
"Where have you been?" usually suggests that you're a little annoyed.
Note that, if you see someone later, after leaving the place where you were supposed to meet, you don't ask "Where have you been?" For example, if your friend missed the yoga class that you usually attend together, you can ask this the next day:
Where were you yesterday?