“How soon would you be available?”
You're interviewing a candidate for a job. You think you might want to hire him, so you need to know when he can start working.
How soon would you be available?
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How soon would you be (able to do something)?
You can politely ask someone when they can do something with the phrase "How soon would you be ___?" For example, ask a plumber to come to your house to fix a problem:
How soon would you be able to come out?
Or ask a coworker to send you a report:
How soon would you be able to send it to me?
Asking this way makes it clear that you want the action to happen soon.
(someone) is available (on a certain date / at a certain time)
You can say that someone "is available" if they don't have any other appointments or commitments at a certain time. Use this phrase to talk about people's schedules:
I'm available on Wednesday after 3:00, or any time on Friday.
When will you be available?
When someone is applying for a job, the date that they are "available" is the date when they no longer have to go to their previous job:
I'm available immediately.
I'm available starting next Monday.