In the statement at top, the speaker asks a question and then gives an unreasonable example answer, also formed as a question:

What does he want us to do? Call him every time we make a little change?

You ask a question in this way to disagree with what you think someone else is saying, or to make fun of the ideas that they have. In the example above, the meaning is something like, "I can't believe he wants us to contact him when we change that document. What a bad idea!" Here's another example. When a guy is trying to act like he is strong and heroic, but you're annoyed by it, you can make fun of him by saying:

Who do you think you are? Prince Charming or something?

(Prince Charming is the prince who rescues Snow White in the children's story "Snow White and the Seven Dwarves")

If someone continues to be mad at you even after you've apologized several times, you can ask:

What do you want me to do? Get down on my knees and beg?